SnapShot: Nuclear RNAPII Transcript Modification

SnapShot: Nuclear RNAPII Transcript Modification

RNA polymerase II generates a diverse set of RNA transcripts, including mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and sn(o)RNA. These transcripts are modified and processed in the nucleus by a particular set of enzymes, as illustrated in this SnapShot.

The imprinted Air ncRNA is an atypical RNAPII transcript that evades splicing and escapes nuclear export.

Expression of the Air ncRNA is necessary to silence multiple genes in cis in the imprinted Igf2r cluster. However, its mode of action is unknown. Here, we characterize co- and post-transcriptional features of Air that identify it as a new member of the class of nuclear regulatory RNAs. We show that Air is transcribed from a DNA methylation-sensitive promoter by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Howev...

SnapShot: Nuclear Receptors I

Estrogen receptors* ERα/NR3A1; ERβ/NR3A2 Endogenous: 17β-estradiol Regulation of cell growth and proliferation in multiple tissues (e.g., female reproductive tissues, bone, and CNS) Cancer, cardiovascular, immune and inflammatory, metabolic, neurological, reproductive ↑ MYC, NGF, BCL2, CXCL2, IGF1, TYMS; ↓ CD36, NDRG1, NCOR1, NCOA3 Clinical: Mixed agonists (e.g. tamoxifen, raloxifene, and torem...

SnapShot: Nuclear Receptors II

Estrogen-related receptors* ERRα/NR3B1; ERRβ/NR3B2; ERRγ/NR3B3 All major systems with specific isoforms showing peaks of expression in metabolic tissues (ERRα and ERRβ) and the CNS (ERRγ) Structurally homologous to estrogen receptors; bind EREs but not activated by estrogens; modulate the expression of enzymes involved in adipogenesis, energy metabolism, and synthesis of lipids, eicosanoids, an...

SnapShot: Nuclear Transport